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Contracted Verbs
| Synopsis | Contracted verbs | Verbs in -e- |
| -e- Exercises | Verbs in -a- | Verbs in -o- |
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| Synopsis: |
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Many verbs end their stem with a vowel before the ending
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| The vowel of the stem then contracts with the vowel of the ending. |
| The weaker vowel gives way to the stronger, |
| two short vowels form a diphthong, iota with -a- goes subscript. |
| The basic rule of contraction: | ||||||||
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[note: -iw and -uw are not affected]
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| e | a | o / w | ||||||
| weakest | middle | strongest | ||||||
| e + e | = ei | a + e | = a | o + e or o | = ou | |||
| e + o | = ou | a + o | = w | o + ei | = oi | |||
| e +
ei
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= oi
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a +
ei
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= a|
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o +
ei
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=
oi
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| THE CONTRACTED VERBS IN -e- | |||
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love [future: filh&sw]
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| file/-w | e + w | - e contracts | filw~ |
| file/-eij | e + ei | - e contracts | filei=j |
| file/-ei
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filei=
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| file/-omen | e + o | - ou | filou~men |
| file/-ete | e + e | - ei | filei=te |
| file/-ousi | e + ou | - e | filou~si |
| contracts
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| CONTRACTED
VERB IN -a- tima|~j
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| tima|~j
honour [future:
timh&sw]
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| tima&-w | a + w | = w | timw~ |
| tima&-eij | a + ei | = a| | tima~|s |
| tima&-ei
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tima~|
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| tima&-omen | a + o | = w | timw~men |
| tima&-ete | a + e | = a | tima~te |
| tima&-ousi
|
a +
ou
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= w
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timw~si
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THE CONTRACTED VERB IN -o-
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| show [future: dhlw&sw] | |||
| dhlo&-w | o + w | = w | dhlw~ |
| dhlo&-eij | o + ei | = oi | dhloi=j |
| dhlo&-ei
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dhloi=
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| dhlo&-omen | o + o | = ou | dhlou~men |
| dhlo&-ete | o + e | = ou | dhlou~te |
| dhlo&-ousi
|
o +
ou
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= ou
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dhlou~si
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| The Contracted verbs in -e-:
Vocabulary
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| Contracted verbs in -e- are the most common. |
| Many connect with a Second declension Noun.
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| oi0ke/w | pone/w | tele/w | |
| I live in | I toil | I end | |
| o( oi]koj | o( po&noj | o( te/loj | |
| house
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work
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end
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| file/w | [opp.] mise/w | ||
| I love | I hate | ||
| o( fi/loj | |||
| friend
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o( ga&moj |
wedding |
h( a)pori/a |
difficulty |
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game/w
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I marry
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a)pore/w
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I am perplexed
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h( boh&qeia |
help |
o( nou~j |
intelligence |
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bohqe/w
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I help
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noe/w
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I think
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nose/w |
I am sick |
deipne/w |
I dine |
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h( no&soj
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illness
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to& dei=pnon
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dinner
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strathge/w |
I lead an army |
poleme/w |
I wage war |
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o( strathgo&j |
general |
o( po&lemoj |
war |
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oi9 pole/mioi
|
the enemy
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| Contracted Verbs in -e-: Examples
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| filou~men | deipnou~si |
| we love
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they are dining
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| pw~j polemou~sin; | po&te telei=; |
| how do they wage war?
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when will it end?
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| a}ra ponei=j; | pou~ oi0kou~sin; |
| are you working?
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where do they live?
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| How do we finish? | Where does he work? |
| pw~j telou~men;
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pou~ ponei=;
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| What do you hate? | Who is general? |
| ti/ misei=j;
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ti/j strathgei=;
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Contracted verbs in -e-: Exercises
5(i)
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Translate:
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| polemei=te | |
| po&te strathgei=; | |
| a}ra nosou~sin; | |
| ou) misou~men to_n po&non. | |
| ti/ noei=j; | |
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Now check your ANSWERS here. |
5(ii)
| Translate:
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| su_ me\n deipnei=j, e0gw_ de\ nosw~. |
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| ou)de\ to_n po&lemon ou)de\ ta_ o3pla ou)ke/ti filei=. |
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| What do you like? |
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| When do they finish? |
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| Are we dining? |
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| How does the general lead the army? |
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Now check your ANSWERS here. |
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The Contracted Verbs in -a-: Vocabulary
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| Verbs in -a- are less common than those in -e-. |
| They also often have a related noun, usually
First Declension Feminine.
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| boa&w | nika&w | siga&w |
| I shout | I conquer | I am silent |
| h( boh& | h( ni/kh | h( sigh& |
| shout
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victory
|
silence
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| tima&w | za&w | |
| I honour | I am alive* | |
| h( timh& | h( zwh& | |
| life | ||
| to& zw~|on | ||
| (living) animal
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| The Contracted Verbs in -a-:
Reading
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| o( Ce/rchj nika~| tou_jLakedaimoni/ouj. |
| Xerxes conquers the Spartans.
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| douleu~omen kai\ sigw~men. |
| We are slaves and keep quiet.
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| timw~si tou_j qeou&j. |
| They honour the gods.
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| zw~men, a)ll' ou)k eu} zw~men. |
| We live, but we do not live well.
[eu~ - well, cf. eulogy, euphony] |
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| The Contracted Verbs in -o-:
Vocabulary
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| There are very few of these verbs. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| The main ones connect with nouns and are:
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| Note: o( nou~j mind and o( plou~j journey (by sea) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| are -o- contracted nouns and
have the pattern:
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