Answers to Unit Exercises:
The Alphabet
Suggested English derivatives:
| arithmetic | bible | gym | drama |
| epistle | zest | helium | throne |
| hippodrome | crisis | lion | mono-.. |
| nectar | xenophobe | horizon | father/ pater |
| rhetoric | strategist | trauma | hymn |
| fugitive | character | psalm | hour |
The heroes:
| Agamemnon | Menelaos | Odysseus |
| Achilles | Nestor | Paris |
| Hektor | Orestes | Patroclus |
The women:
| Andromache | Helen | Iphigenia |
| Antigone | Electra | Casandra |
| Hecabe | Medea | Penelope |
Give the complete word:
| biography | autobiography | geography |
| choreography | calligraphy | photography |
Name the plays and characters:
| Sophocles'
Oedipus Tyrannus
|
|
| Oedipus | Iocaste |
| Iereus [Priest] | Aggelos / Messenger |
| Creon | Therapon / Servant |
| Teiresias | Exaggelos / Servant |
|
Chorus of Theban Elders
|
|
| Euripides'
Hippolytus
|
|
| Aphrodite | Phaedra |
| Hippolytus | Messenger |
| Servant | Theseus |
| Trophos / Nurse | Artemis |
| Chorus of Troizen Women | |
The Verb
Present Tense:
| [Read aloud &] Translate into English: | ||
| a)kou&omen | diw&kw | speu&dei |
| we hear/ listen | I pursue | he hurries |
| bai/neij | eu(ri/skeij | fe/rete |
| you go | you find | you carry |
| ble/pousi | e1xete | feu&gei |
| they look | you have | he flees |
| gra&fomen | le/gousin | e)smen |
| we write | they say | we are |
| a)kou&omen a)ei\ kai\ gra&fomen. |
| We always listen and write. |
| ou) feu&gete a)lla_ speu&dete. |
| You do not flee but hurry. |
| feu&gousi: diw&komen ga&r. |
| They flee; for we pursue. |
| ou)k a)kou&omen: gra&fomen ga&r. |
| We do not listen; for we hurry. |
| h( 0Aqh&nh a)kou&ei a)ll 0 ou) le/gei. |
| Athene does listen but does not speak. |
| ble/pw a)ll 0 ou)x eu(ri/skw. |
| I look but do not find. |
| ou) le/gousin: a}ra bai/nousin; |
| They do not speak; do they walk / go? |
| ou) ble/pei ou)de\ gra&fei. |
| He does not look and does not write. |
| a)ei\ diw&komen: feu&gousin ou}n. |
| We always pursue; and so they flee. |
| o( Poseidw~n a)ei\ diw&kei. |
| Poseidon always pursues. |
Translate into Greek (no accents):
| he has | we hurry | they carry | I look |
| e0xei | speusomen | ferousi | blepw |
| we find | they speak | we go | they are |
| eu(riskomen | legousi | bainomen | ei0si |
| are you writing? we are going. |
| a}ra grafeij; bainomen. |
| they aren't chasing but fleeing. |
| ou) diwkousin a)lla feugousin. |
| we listen but do not speak. |
| a)kouomen ou)de legomen. |
| I hurry, for he is running away. |
| speudo: feugei ga~r. |
| 2(iii)
|
| [Read aloud &] Translate into English: |
| qu&sei | pau&sousi | keleu&sw |
| He will offer | They will stop | I shall order |
| paideu&sei | pau&sete | pisteu&somen |
| He will teach | You will stop | We shall trust |
| o( 0Apo&llwn keleu&sei. |
| Apollo will order. |
| h( 9Eka&bh kai\ h( Kasa&ndra qu&sousin. |
| Hecabe and Casandra will offer. |
The Definite Article
3(i)
The Noun
| Give the genitive singular and
plural of:
|
||
|
genitive singular
|
genitive plural
|
|
| o( mu~qoj | tou~ mu&qou, | tw~n mu&qwn |
| o( oi]koj | tou~ oi1kou, | tw~n oi1kwn |
| o( to&poj | tou~ to&pou, | tw~n to&pwn |
| o( a!ggeloj | tou~ a)gge/lou, | tw~n a)gge/lwn |
| o( dou~loj | tou~ dou&lou, | tw~n dou&lwn |
| to_ nautiko&n | tou~ nautikou~, | tw~n nautikw~n |
Complete the table below:
| pro&j (+acc.)
|
a)po& (+
gen.)
|
e0n (+
dat.)
|
| to_ de/ndron
|
||
| pro_j to_ de/ndron | a)po_ tou~ de/ndrou | e0n tw~| de/ndrw| |
| towards the tree
|
away from the tree
|
on the tree
|
| o( to&poj
|
||
| pro_j to_n to&pon | a)po_ tou~ to&pou | e0n tw~| to&pw| |
| towards the place
|
away from the place
|
on the tree
|
| oi9 a)groi/
|
||
| pro_j tou_j a)grou&j | a)po_ tw~n a)grw~n | e0n toi=j a)groi=j |
| towards the fields
|
away from the fields
|
in the fields
|
| Give English names derived from
Greek nouns: |
||
| Moira | h( Moi=ra | destiny |
| Irene | h( ei0rh&nh | peace |
| Sophia | h( sofi/a | wisdom |
| Eunice | h( ni/kh | victory (with eu} in a good way) |
| Dorothy / Theodore | to_ dw~ron, o( qeo&j | gift, god |
| Stephan / Stephanie | o( ste/fanoj | crown, garland |
| Philip / Philipa | o( i3ppoj | horse (and file/w I love) |
| Andrew / Andrea | h( a)ndrei/a | courage |
| George / Georgina | o( gewrgo&j | farmer |
| Peter | o( pe/troj | stone |
| Daphne | h( da&fnh | laurel |
| Basil | o( basilei/a | kingdom |
| Christopher | o( xri/stoj | Christ (and fe/rw I carry) |
Contracted Verbs
Contracted verbs in -e-
|
Translate:
|
|
| polemei=te | You are at war. |
| po&te strathgei=; | When does he take command? |
| a}ra nosou~sin; | Are they ill? |
| ou) misou~men to_n po&non. | We do not hate the work. |
| ti/ noei=j; | What are you thinking? |
| Translate:
|
| su_ me\n deipnei=j, e0gw_ de\ nosw~. |
| You are dining, whereas I feel sick.
|
| ou)de\ to_n po&lemon ou)de\ ta_ o3pla ou)ke/ti filei=. |
| Neither war nor arms does he like any
longer.
|
| What do you like? |
| ti/ filei=j;
|
| When do they finish? |
| po&te telou~sin;
|
| Are we dining? |
| a}ra deipnou~men;
|
| How does the general lead the army? |
| pw~j strathgei= o( strathgo&j;
|
Adjective & Adverb
| Give the dative singular and
plural of:
|
|||
| o( sofo_j i0atro&j | |||
| tw| sofw|
i0atrw|
|
toij sofoij
i0atroij
|
||
| h( kalh_ qea& | |||
| th| kalh| qea|
|
taij kalaij
qeaij
|
||
| o( dikai=oj krith&j | |||
| tw| dikaiw|
krith|
|
toij dikaioij
kritaij
|
||
| o( strathgo_j o( a)ndrei=oj | |||
| tw| strathgw|
tw| a)ndreiw|
|
toij strathgoij
toij a)ndreioij
|
||
| polu_j po&noj | |||
| pollw| ponw|
|
polloij ponoij
|
||
| to_ me/ga de/ndron | |||
| tw| megalw|
dendrw|
|
toij megaloij
dendroij
|
||
| Translate:
|
| We are going into the beautiful house. |
| ei0j ton kalon oi0kon bainomen. |
| Few run away from the evil war. |
| o)ligon ton kakon polemon feugousin |
| Many slaves work in the big fields. |
| polloi douloi e0n toij megaloij a)groij ponousin. |
| Translate:
|
| froni/mwj le/gei o( Swkra&thj. |
|
Socrates speaks sensibly. |
| o( i0sxuro_j dou~loj r(adi/wj fe/rei to_ a!rotron. |
|
The strong slave carries the plough easily. |
| ou{toj o( strathgo_j ou)de/pote a)di/kwj pe/mpei tou_j poli/taj ei0j po&lemon. |
|
This general never unjustly sends the citizens to war. |
| eu} ponei=n a)ei\ a!meinon e0sti\n h@ ploutei=n kakw~j. |
|
To toil nobly is always better than to get rich by base means. |
Pronouns
| Translate:
|
|
| ti/j poli/thj le/gei; | What citizen is speaking? |
| le/gei poli/thj tij.
|
Some citizen is speaking.
|
| ti/ dw~ron pare/xei; | What gift does he offer? |
| pare/xei dw~ron ti. | He is offering some gift. |
Prepositions
| Translate:
|
|
| with me | met' e0mou |
| after them | met' au)tou&j |
| with them | met' au)tw~n |
| for her sake | au)th~j e3neka |
| because of you | dia_ se/ |
| towards you | pro_j u(ma~j |
| away from us | a)f' h(mw~n |
| against the enemy | e0pi\ tou_j polemi/ouj |
| on horseback | e0f' i3ppou |
Verb: middle voice
| Put these active verb forms into
the middle and translate:
|
|||
| lou&w | I wash | lou&omai | I wash myself /bathe |
| e0gei/rei | he rouses | e0gei/retai | he wakes up |
| lu&omen | we release | lu&omeqa | we ransom |
| fe/rete | you carry | fe/resqe | you win |
| fai/nousi | they show | fai/nontai | they appear |
| Translate the following, using
the correct form of the middle verb given:
|
||
| we want | bou&lomai | boulo&meqa |
| they answer | a)pokri/nomai | a)pokri/nontai |
| you receive | de/xomai | de/xesqe |
| they arrive | a)fikne/omai | a)fiknou~ntai |
| he is fighting | ma&xomai | ma&xetai |
| are you afraid? | fobe/omai | a}ra fobei=sqe; |
| he is not leading | h(ge/omai | ou)x h(gei=tai |
| we do not follow | e3pomai | ou)x e9po&meqa |
Verb: past, imperfect
| Put into the present middle, and
imperfect active and middle:
|
|||
| p.m. | i.a. | i.m. | |
| lu&omen | luo&meqa | e0lu&omen | e0luo&meqa |
| pau&ei | pau&etai | e1paue | e0pau&eto |
| fe/rousi | fe/rontai | e1feron | e0fe/ronto |
| pe/mpw | pe/mpomai | e1pempon | e0pempo&mhn |
| pei/qousi | pei/qontai | e1peiqon | e0pei/qonto |
|
Translate:
|
|||
| eu!xontai | they pray | h)u&xonto | they were praying |
| e0rga&zomai | I work | ei0rgazo&mhn | I was working |
| poreuo&meqa | we march | e0porou&omeqa | we were marching |
| fobei=tai | he is afraid | e0fobei=to | he was afraid |
| ei], e0ste/ | you are | h}sqa, h}te | you were |
Verb: past, aorist
|
Translate:
|
||
| e1lusa | e0lu&sato | e1lipe |
| he released
|
he ransomed
|
he left
|
| pa&sxomen | e0pa&qomen | e1labej |
| we suffer
|
we suffered
|
you took
|
| e1fugej | e1maqon | a)fi/keto |
| you fled
|
I /they learnt
|
he arrived
|
| e0pau&samen
to_n i3ppon
|
e0pausa&meqa
tou~ pole/mou
|
| we stopped the horse | we ceased from the war |
| Translate:
|
|
| we throw | ba&llomen |
| we threw | e0ba&lomen |
| we were mistaken | h(ma&rtomen |
| he falls | pi/ptei |
| he fell | e1pese |
| he fled | e1fuge |
| you suffered | e1paqej |
| what did you learn? | ti/ e1maqej; |
| what happened? | ti/ e0ge/neto; |
Imperatives & Infinitives
| Translate:
|
|
| gra&fe tou~to. | Write this. |
| labe\ au)to&n. | Seize him. |
| i1sqi a)ndrei=oj. | Be brave. |
| e0lqe\ pa&lin. | Come again. |
| fi/lei tou_j polemi/ouj. | Love the enemy. |
| gene/sqe sofoi/. | Become wise. |
| ti/ma to_n poih&thn. | Honour the poet. |
| a!koue e0kei/nou.
|
Listen to that man.
|
| It is difficult to learn many things well. | xalepo&n e0sti polla_ maqei=n eu}. |
| It is beautiful to see the trees. | kalo&n e0sti i0dei=n ta_ de/ndra. |
| He orders us to go away. | keleu&ei h(ma~j a)pobai/nein. |
Participles
13(i)
Consonant Verbs & Nouns
| Give the dative singular and plural of:
|
|
| dative singular | dative plural |
| o( a)gaqo_j pai=j | |
| tw~| a)gaqw~| paidi/ | toi=j a)gaqoi=j paisi/ |
| to_ me/ga pra~gma | |
| tw~| mega&lw| pra&gmati | toi=j mega&loij pra&gmasi |
| h( kalh_ pa&trij | |
| th~| kalh~| pa&tridi | tai=j kalai=j patri/si |
| h( deinh_ nu&c | |
| th~| deinh~| nukti/ | tai=j deinai=j nuci/ |
| o( sofo_j kh~ruc | |
| tw~| sofw~| kh&ruki | toi=j sofoi=j kh&ruci |
| to_ i0sxuro_n tei/xisma | |
| tw~| i0sxurw~| teixi/smati | toi=j i0sxuroi=j teixi/smasi |
| Complete: | pro&j (+ acc.) | a)po& (+ gen.) | e0n (+ dat.) |
| h( #Ellaj | pro_j th_n 0Ella&da | a)po_ th~j 0Ella&doj | e0n th~| 0Ella&di |
| to_ dra~ma | pro_j to_ dra~ma | a)po_ tou~ dra&matoj | e0n tw~| dra&mati |
| h( patri/j | pro_j th_n pa&trida | a)po_ th~j pa&tridoj | e0n th~| pa&tridi |
| Put into the plural and translate: | |
|
singular
|
plural
|
| dida&skw to_n pai=da. | |
| de/xomai to_n kh&ruka. | |
| e0rga&zomai to_ pra~gma. | |
| a#ptetai th~j o!rniqoj. | |
| r(i/pteij th_n a)spi/da. | |
| Put the following into the
future and aorist:
|
||
| future | aorist | |
| diw&keij | diw&ceij | e0di/wcaj |
| a!rxei | a!rcei | h}rca |
| gra&fomen | gra&yomen | e0gra&yamen |
| sw&|zousi | sw&sousi | e1swsan |
| bla&ptw | bla&yw | e1blaya |
| dexo&meqa | deco&meqa | e0deca&meqa |
| me/mfontai | me/myontai | e0me/myanto |
Awkward 3rd decl. Nouns & Adjectives
| Put into the plural and
translate:
|
|
|
Plural |
|
| dida&skw to_n pai=da. | |
| de/xomai to_n kh&ruka. | |
| e0rga&zomai to_ pra~gma. | |
| a#ptetai th~j o!rniqoj. | |
| mh_ r(i/pte th_n a)spi/da. | |
| Write with meta&
+ accusative, u(po_ + genitive:
|
|
| h( sw&frwn pai=j (the sensible child) | |
|
meta_ th_n sw&frona pai=j |
u(po_ th~j sw&fronoj paido&j |
|
o( eu)genh_j 3Ellhn (the well-born Greek) |
|
|
meta_ to_n eu)genh~ 3Ellhna |
u(po_ tou~ eu)genou~j 3Ellhnoj |
|
h( eu)dai/mwn mh&thr (the happy mother) |
|
|
meta_ th_n eu)dai/mona mh&tera |
u(po_ th~j eu)dai/monoj mhtro&j |
|
to_ a)lhqe\j e1poj (the true word) |
|
|
meta_ to_ a)lhwe\j e1poj |
u(po_ tou~ a)lhqou~j e1pouj |
| Write with
dia& + genitive, e0n + dative:
|
|
| h( dustuxh_j po&lij (the unfortunate city) | |
| dia_ th~j dustuxou~j po&lewj | e0n th~| dustuxei= |
|
3Ellaj h( mega&lh pa~sa (the whole of great Greece) |
|
| dia_ 9Ella&doj th~j mega&lhj pash~j | e0n 9Ella&di th~| mega&lh| pash~| |
|
pa~j o( strato&j, a)sfalh_j w!n (the whole army, being safe) |
|
| dia_ panto_j tou~ stratou~, a)sfalou~j o!ntoj | e0n panti\ tw~| stratw~|, a)sfalei= o!nti |
|
a)sqene\j to_ 1Ilion pa~n (all of weakened Troy) |
|
| dia_ a)sqenou~j tou~ 0Ili/ou panto&j | e0n a)sqenei= tw~| 0Ili/w| panti\ |
Comparison of Adjectives & Adverbs
| Complete, in the manner of the first sentence: |
|
e0gw_ me\n me/gaj, su_ de\ mei/zwn, a)ll 0 e0kei=noj o( me/gistoj.
|
| e0gw_ me\n sofo&j, su_ de\ sofw&teroj, a)ll 0 e0kei=noj o( sofw&tatoj. |
| e0gw_ me\n dikai=oj, su_ de\ dikaio&teroj, a)ll 0 e0kei=noj o( dikaio&tatoj. |
| e0gw_ me\n a)gaqo&j, su_ de\ a)mei/nwn, a)ll 0 e0kei=noj o( a!ristoj. |
| e0gw_ me\n taxu&j, su_ de\ qa&sswn, a)ll 0 o( ta&xistoj. |
| Translate in two ways:
|
|
| The father is stronger than the child. | |
|
o( path_r i0sxuro&tero&j e0stin |
h@ o( pai=j. |
| tou~ paido&j. | |
| The soldiers are braver than the sailors. | |
|
oi9 stratiw~tai a)ndrei/oteroi ei0si\n |
h@ oi9 nau~tai. |
| tw~n nautw~n. | |
| Deeds are clearer than words. | |
|
ta_ e1rga safe/stera& e0stin |
h@ oi9 lo&goi. |
| tw~n lo&gwn. | |
| Nothing is sweeter than life. | |
|
ou)de\n gluku&tero&n e0stin |
h@ o( bi/oj. |
| tou~ bi/ou. | |
| Translate:
|
| Helen is the fairest of women. |
|
h( 9Ele/nh e0sti kalli/sth tw~n gunaikw~n.
|
| Homer is the best of poets. |
| o( 3Omhroj e0stin a!ristoj tw~n poihtw~n. |
| Zeus is the greatest of all. |
| o( Zeu&j e0sti me/gistoj pa&ntwn. |
| Water is healthier than wine. |
| to_ u#dwr u(gi/esteron h@ o( oi]noj [or tou~ oi1nou]. |
| No one was happier than the king. |
| ou)dei\j h}n eu)daimone/steroj h@ o( basileu&j [or tou~ basile/wj]. |
| Translate:
|
|
| To judge wisely | krinei=n sofw~j |
|
-- as wisely as possible |
--w(j sofw&tata. |
| To fight bravely | ma&xesqai |
|
--as bravely as possible |
--w(j a)ndreio&tata. |
| To work well | eu} |
|
--as well as possible |
--w(j a!rista. |
Numerals
Passive voice
| Put into the Passive and
translate:
|
|||
| fe/rei | he carries | fe/retai | he is carried |
| filou~men | we love | filou~meqa | we are loved |
| e0filh&samen | we loved | e0filh&qhmen | we were loved |
| pe/mpei | he sends | pe/mpetai | he is sent |
| pe/myei | he will send | pemfqh&setai | he will be sent |
| e1pemye | he sent | e0pe/mfqh | he was sent |
| kwlu&w | I prevent | kwlu&omai | I am prevented |
| kwlu&somen | we shall prevent | kwluso&meqa | we shall be prevented |
| diw&kousi | they pursue | diw&kontai | they are pursued |
| diw&cousi | they will pursue | diwxqh&sontai | they will be pursued |
| sw&|zei | he saves | sw&zetai | he is saved |
| e1swse | he saved | e0sw&qh | he was saved |
| Translate into Greek:
|
||
| He is saved | by the sailor | by chance. |
| sw&zetai | u(po_ tou~ nau&tou | tu&xh|. |
| He was driven | by the tyrant | by the wind. |
| h)lau&neto | u(po_ tou~ tura&nnou | tw~| a)ne/mw|. |
| They were deceived | by the slaves | by the storm. |
|
e0yeu&sqhsan |
u(po_ tw~n dou&lwn | xeimwni/. |
| Translate into Greek and change
to Passive:
|
|
| All honour the general. | pa&ntej timw~si to_n strathgo&n. |
|
[P] |
o( strathgo_j tima~tai u(po_ pa&ntwn. |
| The god loves the girl. | o( qeo_j filei= th_n pai=da. |
|
[P] |
h( pai=j filei=tai u(po_ tou~ qeou~. |
| The soldiers write letters. | oi9 stratiw~tai gra&fousin e0pistola&j. |
|
[P] |
e0pistolai\ gra&fontai u(po_ tw~n stratiwtw~n. |
| The guide led the Greeks. | o( h(gemw_n h!ge tou_j 3Ellhnaj. |
|
[P] |
oi9 3Ellhnej h!gonto u(po_ tou~ h(gemo&noj. |
| The master released the slaves. | o( despo&thj e1luse tou_j dou&louj. |
|
[P] |
oi9 dou&loi e0lu&qhsan u(po_ tou~ despotou~. |
| Barbarians will not rule us. | ba&rbaroi ou)k a!rcousin h(ma~j. |
|
[P] |
ou)k a)rxqhso&meqa u(po_ barba&rwn. |